Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can cooperate between the components with one another to produce an information based on existing programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse and printer. Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but merely looks at the screen has not been in print form.
In the definition of such a tool like a slide rule, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all the contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems."
Nowadays, computers are becoming more sophisticated. However, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light now. In the history of computers, there are five generations in the history of computers.
1. First Generation (1944-1959)
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Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, is a hallmark of the first generation computers. At first, the vacuum tube (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. The raw material consists of glass, so many have drawbacks, such as: easy to break, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by another component that serves as a coolant.
And the presence of additional components, eventually existing computer into a large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the electronic computer in the world that the ENIAC was finished first. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom.
In the visible image ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer which has a heavy weight of 30 tons, a length of 30 M and 2.4 M and require high electrical power 174 kilowatts.
2. Second Generation (1960-1964)
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Transistors are the hallmark of the second generation computers. The raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor is an abbreviation of the transfer resistor, which means to affect the durability between two of the three layers, the power (resistor) that exist in the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the function of the transistor is a signal amplifier. As a solid component, tansistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not conduct heat. And thus, existing computers become smaller and cheaper.
In 1960, IBM introduced a commercial computer that utilizes transistor and widespread use began to circulate in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial computer that utilizes transistor. This computer is designed to solve all sorts of jobs both scientific and commercial. Because of its speed and ability, causing the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers were: IBM Serie 1400, NCR Serie 304, MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
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The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors, finally spur people to continue to do research. Thousands transistor finally succeeded combined in one form very small. Silicium piece the size of a few millimeters Yag has successfully created, and this is called the integrated circuit or IC-chip that is the hallmark of third generation computers. The magnetic rings can be magnetization in one direction or the opposite, and finally download sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system which is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 memory magnetic rings, each of which represents one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently in the first single chip with very small form.
The computer used for automation was first introduced in 1968 by the PDC 808, which has a 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for memory cores.
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
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Microprocessor is a typical chiri fourth generation computer which is compaction thousands of ICs into a Chip. Because the shape of the smaller and increasing capabilities and price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of the personal computer.
In 1971, Intel Corp. and then develop the first microprocessor serie 4004. Examples of this generation was the Apple I Computer, developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs by entering a microprocessor on a computer circuit board. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with a Motorola 68000 processor types and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Apple II computers that use the e-6502R processor type and Ram by 64 Kb, is also one of the PC is very popular at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80s.
IBM began issuing Personal Computer in about 1981, by using the MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from other computers, in addition to the technology is much better as well as big names from IBM itself, then in a very short time, the computer is becoming very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (Now - Future)
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In this generation is characterized by the emergence: LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the emergence of the microprocessor and semi-conductors. Companies that make the micro-processor include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others. In the market we can see the existence of a microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production of Intel Corporation are expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 GHz. The pictures were shown to be much smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, send or receive picture also becomes faster.
Pentium-4 produced by using 0:18 micron technology. With the smaller form resulting power, current and voltage of the heat released is also getting smaller. With a faster processor cooler, can produce higher MHz speed. Owned velocity is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations.
Packard Bell IXTREME 4140i is one that has a PC computer using a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB RDRAM memory, hard drive of 40 GB (1.5 GB is used for recovery), and the GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB of memory. HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz. PC Pentium-4-Packard Hewllett is dating with predominantly black and gray. Compared to other PC, the Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with a monitor at 17 inches.
