Computers are tools used to process the data according to the procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without aids, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself. Originally, the processing of information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
In the sense that there are tools such as slide rules, types of mechanical calculators from the abacus and so on, until all the contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems." Over the years there have been several different meanings in the word "computer", and several different words are now called called computer.
Said computer once commonly used to define people who perform arithmetic calculations, with or without auxiliary engine. According to Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word is used in English in 1646 as the word for "people who count" then before 1897 is also used as a "mechanical calculators". During World War II, the word refers to the workers of the United States and British woman whose job was to calculate artillery street war with the machine count.
Charles Babbage designed one of the first calculating machine called the analytical engine. In addition, a variety of simple mechanical devices such as slide rules also has to be said as a computer.
1. The computer is the result of sophisticated industrial useful.
Computers as we know it today is the result of the development of electronic technology and informatics so that its original form large computer and eating places, now are small with great ability. Advancement of electronic components industry IC (integrated circuit) has encouraged the creation of a variety of diverse devices IC chip and supports a variety of purposes manufacture of electronic products. Electronics technology advances can not be separated from the lack of progress in the field of knowledge and processing of semiconductor materials, especially silicon.
The benefits of today's computers are quite diverse ranging as tools to write, draw, edit photos, play video, play a song until analysis of research data as well as to operate the programs completion of the problems of scientific, industrial and deploying. World's children have long been familiar with the tools of game play which is controlled by a computer system. In industry, the computer has been used to control the production machines with high accuracy (eg CNC, a versatile machine in the metal industry) so that we can find a wide range of metal products industry are varied and we imagine it difficult if done manually. Many of the machines in the garment industry is equipped with computer control, for example, the company can produce bodir hat cap with embroidered uniform image quality in large quantities in a short time. In trading companies such as department stores have used a cash register (cash register) equipped with computer control so that the machine can be controlled by the manager only from his room alone. In education, in addition to the lessons found as a tool, a lot of equipment that is equipped with a computer lab so that the tool can work more closely and can overcome barriers to human senses. Of education and research that use such tools produced a variety of useful research results that do not feel already widely used in people's daily life a lot. Various drugs both for human health as well as agriculture and livestock has been widely used by the public. In the field of biotechnology, equipment culture has a lot of that comes with precision computer control to seek work in a sterile room. Australian company has developed a robot for the purposes of this biotechnology. The application of the most sophisticated computer controls contained in aircraft and spacecraft. To be able to overcome the obstacles of nature and hard done by a pilot manually, an aircraft can be controlled automatically so that it can fly safely at your destination.
Similarly, the magnitude of the benefits of computers, for it in this paper was introduced on a computer and how to assemble them. In this paper does not explain carefully how to build a computer electronic circuit or build a computer software (software), to be able to know this you still have to study in the field of Electronics and Information Technology. This paper is intended to allow you not one know or understand computers, you can recognize the computer parts, assemble and know how it works, especially to know how to operate the software application then you will feel the benefits of such a large computer. Here again, not elaborated on the history of the invention of the computer, you need only believe that computers are industrial products that utilize a variety of research and testing of bebeberapa disciplines. For example, the scientific field of electronics, informatics, management, materials chemistry, materials physics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry and others.
It was some of the computer technology that will be released in 2010, when seen from the shape and sophistication is the technology that will come in 2010 tabhun really - really quite fantastic. TriBook with three concepts of ultra wide screen that is 21? the width of the screen. He also has an 8x SuperDrive, a 1TB hard drive, and MacBook Pro-caliber CPU, plus a keyboard multitouch trackpad.
2. TYPES OF COMPUTER
Analog computer is a term used to describe a computing tool that works at the level of the analog. Level analogue here is the opponent (dual) of the digital level, which is a digital level voltage level 'high' (high) and 'low' (low), which is used in the implementation of binary numbers. Basically, the electronic components are used as the core of an analog computer is the op-amp (operational amplifier).
digitalAdalah computer computer machine created to process the quantitative data in the form of numbers, letters, punctuation and others. Which pemrosesnya implemented based on technology that converts the signal into a combination of the numbers 0 and 1.
Is the result of technology that converts the signal into a combination of sequence numbers 0 and 1 (also called binary) to process information that is easy, fast and accurate. The signal is called a bit. This digital signal has a variety of unique features that can not be found on analog technology, namely: 1. Able to transmit information at the speed of light which can make the information can be transmitted at high speed. 2. The use of repeated to information does not affect the quality and quantity of the information itself, 3. Information may be easily processed and modified into various forms, 4. It can process information in very large numbers and send them interactively. Computers process data is digitally, via electrical signals it receives or sends. In principle, the computer only knows two currents, ie on or off, or term in the figure is often also known as 1 (one) or 0 (zero). The combination of currents on or off is what is able to make the computer do a lot of things, both in introducing letters, pictures, sounds, and even interesting films you watch in a digital format.
hybrid computer is a type of computer that is destined for processing data, both quantitative and qualitative nature, or with another term combines the capabilities of a digital to analog. In other words, quantitative data were processed to produce data on the qualitative and vice versa.
3. The parts of a computer
Computers consists of two major parts of the software (software) and hardware (hardware).
Hardware
Processor or CPU as the data processing unit
RAM memory, which store data temporarily
Hard drives, semi-permanent storage media
Input device, the media used to enter the data to be processed by the UPS, such as a mouse, keyboard, and tablets
Output device, the media used to display the output of the CPU processing, such as a monitor, speakers, plotter, projectors and printers
Software
Operating system
Basic program on a computer that connects users with computer hardware. The operating system used is Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. The task of operating systems, including (but not only) set the execution of the program on it, coordination of input, output, processing, memory, and software installation.
The computer program
An additional application installed in accordance with the operating system
Slots on the computer
ISA / PCI card slot for additional input of non-graphic
AGP / PCIe slot for additional graphics card input
IDE / SCSI / SATA, slots for hard drives / ODD
USB, slot for media input plug-and-play (plug and play, meaning that the device can be connected directly to a computer and can be used).
4. HOW TO WORK COMPUTER
Memory
In this system, memory is numbered byte order (such as "cell" or "pigeon holes"), each containing a small piece of information. This information may be a command to tell the computer what to do. Cell may contain data that is necessary for the computer to perform a command. Each slot may contain one, and what is now the data might then be perintah.Memori store various forms of information as binary numbers. The information will not be solved binary form (encoded) with a number of instructions that turn it into a number or sequence of numbers. For example: Letter F is stored as a decimal number 70 (or binary digits) using one of the methods of solving. More complex instructions can be used to store images, sound, video, and various kinds of information. The information can be stored in a sell is called a byte.
Processing
Central Processing Unit or CPU (central processing unit) role is to process the orders given by computer users, manage shared data on the computer. Processing unit or device will also communicate with the input devices, output and storage to carry out instructions that are interrelated.
In the original von Neumann architecture, he describes an Arithmetic and Logic Unit, and a Control Unit. In modern computers, both units are located in a single integrated circuit (IC - Integrated Circuit), which is usually called the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Arithmetic and Logic Unit, or Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), is a tool that does the basic implementation as the implementation of arithmetic (addition, subtraction, and the like), the implementation of the logical (AND, OR, NOT), and the implementation of comparison (for example, compare the content as much as two slots for equality). In this unit do "work" real.
The control unit saves the current command is done by a computer, instruct the ALU to carry out and get back information (from memory) required to execute the command, and move back the results to the appropriate memory location. This unit serves to control the reading of the computer program instructions.
Inputs and results
I / O allows the computer to get the information from the outside world, and put his work there, may be physical (hardcopy) or non-physical (softcopy). There are a wide variety of I / O devices, from the familiar keyboard, monitor and disk drive, to the more unusual such as a webcam (web camera, printer, scanner, and so on.
Which is owned by all the usual input devices is that they encode (changing) information from a wide into data that can be further processed by a digital computer system. Tool output, decodes the data into information that can be understood by the computer user. In this sense, a digital computer system is an example of a data processing system.
Instructions
Discussed above command is not a command like human language. Computers only have a limited number of simple commands well-defined. Regular commands that are understood most computers are "copy the contents of cell 123, and a clone in cell 456", "add the contents of cell 666 to 042 cells, and the result in cell 013", and "if the contents of cell 999 is 0, the next command you in cell 345 ".
Instructions are represented within the computer as numbers - the code for "copy" might be 001, for example. A set of specialized commands that are supported by a particular computer is known as machine language. In practice, people usually do not write orders for computers directly in machine language but use programming language "high-level" which is then translated into machine language automatically by special computer programs (interpreters and compilers). Some programming languages are closely related to machine language, such as assembler (low level languages); on the other hand, languages like Prolog are based on abstract principles far removed from the actual implementation details by machine (high level language).
